Az action force kifejezés mit jelent?

Pár példa a szakirodalomból:

Measurement of action forces via specifically developed devices and posture recording by means of optoelectronic marker capturing and video recordings in order to quantify several lumbar-load indicators was previously described in detail.

From this pool, nurse’s data on posture and action forces were separated and subsequently used to estimate relevant indicators of her lumbar load in the temporal course of a transfer action (cf. right side); in particular, the moments and forces with respect to the lowest spinal disc between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the upper part of the sacrum (lumbosacral disc ‘L5-S1’) were quantified considering their vectorial behaviour.

As the bedframe forces result from both the caregiver’s action forces and the patient-related forces due to her mass, these influences had to be separated.

The loading moments in the sagittal, coronal, and transversal planes due to posture, motion, and action forces are counteracted by an adequate activation pattern of the nine muscle-equivalent force vectors in the model; as the physiologically based optimisation criterion, the sum of muscle forces is considered minimal so that co-contraction effects are also assumed minimal

The traces in the middle row show the components of the moments with respect to the nurse’s lumbosacral disc. The bottom traces demonstrate the components of the reaction forces at the lumbosacral joint.